Kejadian 18:16

Abraham Pleads for Sodom

18:16 When the men got up to leave, ¹  they looked out over ²  Sodom. (Now ³  Abraham was walking with them to see them on their way.) ⁴ 

Kejadian 18:22

18:22 The two men turned ⁵  and headed ⁶  toward Sodom, but Abraham was still standing before the Lord. ⁷ 

Kejadian 19:1

The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah

19:1 The two angels came to Sodom in the evening while ⁸  Lot was sitting in the city’s gateway. ⁹  When Lot saw them, he got up to meet them and bowed down with his face toward the ground.

Kejadian 19:10

19:10 So the men inside ¹⁰  reached out ¹¹  and pulled Lot back into the house ¹²  as they shut the door.

Kejadian 32:24

32:24 So Jacob was left alone. Then a man ¹³  wrestled ¹⁴  with him until daybreak. ¹⁵ 

Yosua 5:13

Israel Conquers Jericho

5:13 When Joshua was near ¹⁶  Jericho, ¹⁷  he looked up and saw a man standing in front of him holding a drawn sword. ¹⁸  Joshua approached him and asked him, “Are you on our side or allied with our enemies?” ¹⁹ 

Hakim-hakim 13:6-11

13:6 The woman went and said to her husband, “A man sent from God ²⁰  came to me! He looked like God’s angelic messenger – he was very awesome. ²¹  I did not ask him where he came from, and he did not tell me his name. 13:7 He said to me, ‘Look, you will conceive and have a son. ²²  So now, do not drink wine or beer and do not eat any food that will make you ritually unclean. ²³  For the child will be dedicated ²⁴  to God from birth till the day he dies.’”

13:8 Manoah prayed to the Lord, ²⁵  “Please, Lord, allow the man sent from God ²⁶  to visit ²⁷  us again, so he can teach ²⁸  us how we should raise ²⁹  the child who will be born.” 13:9 God answered Manoah’s prayer. ³⁰  God’s angelic messenger visited ³¹  the woman again while she was sitting in the field. But her husband Manoah was not with her. 13:10 The woman ran at once and told her husband, ³²  “Come quickly, ³³  the man who visited ³⁴  me the other day has appeared to me!” 13:11 So Manoah got up and followed his wife. When he met ³⁵  the man, he said to him, “Are you the man who spoke to my wife?” ³⁶  He said, “Yes.” ³⁷ 

Hosea 12:4-5

12:4 He struggled ³⁸  with an angel and prevailed;

he wept and begged for his favor.

He found God ³⁹  at Bethel, ⁴⁰ 

and there he spoke with him! ⁴¹ 

12:5 As for the Lord God Almighty,

the Lord is the name by which he is remembered! ⁴² 

Ibrani 13:2

13:2 Do not neglect hospitality, because through it some have entertained angels without knowing it. ⁴³ 

[18:16]  ¹ tn Heb “And the men arose from there.”

[18:16]  ² tn Heb “toward the face of.”

[18:16]  ³ tn The disjunctive parenthetical clause sets the stage for the following speech.

[18:16]  ⁴ tn The Piel of שָׁלַח (shalakh) means “to lead out, to send out, to expel”; here it is used in the friendly sense of seeing the visitors on their way.

[18:22]  ⁵ tn Heb “And the men turned from there.” The word “two” is not in the Hebrew text, but is supplied here for clarity. Gen 19:1 mentions only two individuals (described as “angels”), while Abraham had entertained three visitors (18:2). The implication is that the Lord was the third visitor, who remained behind with Abraham here. The words “from there” are not included in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[18:22]  ⁶ tn Heb “went.”

[18:22]  ⁷ tc An ancient Hebrew scribal tradition reads “but the Lord remained standing before Abraham.” This reading is problematic because the phrase “standing before” typically indicates intercession, but the Lord would certainly not be interceding before Abraham.

[19:1]  ⁸ tn The disjunctive clause is temporal here, indicating what Lot was doing at the time of their arrival.

[19:1]  ⁹ tn Heb “sitting in the gate of Sodom.” The phrase “the gate of Sodom” has been translated “the city’s gateway” for stylistic reasons.

[19:1]  sn The expression sitting in the city’s gateway may mean that Lot was exercising some type of judicial function (see the use of the idiom in 2 Sam 19:8; Jer 26:10; 38:7; 39:3).

[19:10]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “the men,” referring to the angels inside Lot’s house. The word “inside” has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[19:10]  ¹¹ tn The Hebrew text adds “their hand.” These words have not been translated for stylistic reasons.

[19:10]  ¹² tn Heb “to them into the house.”

[32:24]  ¹³ sn Reflecting Jacob’s perspective at the beginning of the encounter, the narrator calls the opponent simply “a man.” Not until later in the struggle does Jacob realize his true identity.

[32:24]  ¹⁴ sn The verb translated “wrestled” (וַיֵּאָבֵק, vayye’aveq) sounds in Hebrew like the names “Jacob” (יַעֲקֹב, ya’aqov) and “Jabbok” (יַבֹּק, yabboq). In this way the narrator links the setting, the main action, and the main participant together in the mind of the reader or hearer.

[32:24]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “until the rising of the dawn.”

[5:13]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “in.”

[5:13]  ¹⁷ map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.

[5:13]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “he lifted up his eyes and looked. And look, a man was standing in front of him, and his sword was drawn in his hand.” The verb הִנֵּה (hinneh, “look”) invites the reader to view the scene through Joshua’s eyes. By calling the stranger “a man,” the author reflects Joshua’s perspective. The text shortly reveals his true identity (vv. 14-15).

[5:13]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “Are you for us or for our enemies?”

[13:6]  ²⁰ tn Heb “The man of God.”

[13:6]  ²¹ tn Heb “His appearance was like the appearance of the messenger of God, very awesome.”

[13:7]  ²² tn See the note on the word “son” in 13:5, where this same statement occurs.

[13:7]  ²³ tn Heb “eat anything unclean.” Certain foods were regarded as ritually “unclean” (see Lev 11). Eating such food made one ritually “contaminated.”

[13:7]  ²⁴ tn Traditionally “a Nazirite.”

[13:8]  ²⁵ tn The Hebrew text adds “and said.” This has not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[13:8]  ²⁶ tn Heb “the man of God.”

[13:8]  ²⁷ tn Heb “come to.”

[13:8]  ²⁸ tc The LXX has “enlighten,” understanding the Hebrew to read וִיאִירֵנוּ (vi’irenu, “to give light”) rather than the reading of the MT, וְיוֹרֵנוּ (vÿyorenu, “to teach”).

[13:8]  ²⁹ tn Heb “what we should do for.”

[13:9]  ³⁰ tn Heb “God listened to the voice of Manoah.”

[13:9]  ³¹ tn Heb “came to.”

[13:10]  ³² tn Heb “and said to him.” This phrase has not been translated for stylistic reasons.

[13:10]  ³³ tn Heb “Look.”

[13:10]  ³⁴ tn Heb “came to.”

[13:11]  ³⁵ tn Heb “came to.”

[13:11]  ³⁶ tn Heb “the woman.”

[13:11]  ³⁷ tn Heb “I [am].”

[12:4]  ³⁸ tc The MT vocalizes the consonantal text וָיָּשַׂר (vayyasar, vav consecutive + Qal preterite 3rd person masculine singular from שׂוּר, sur, “to see”); however, parallelism with שָׂרַה (sarah, “he contended”) in 12:3 suggested that it be vocalized as ויּשׂר (vav consecutive + Qal preterite 3rd person masculine singular from שׂרה [“to strive, contend”]). The latter is followed by almost all English versions here.

[12:4]  ³⁹ tn Heb “him”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[12:4]  ⁴⁰ map For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.

[12:4]  ⁴¹ tc The Leningrad Codex and the Allepo Codex both read 1st person common plural עִמָּנוּ (’immanu, “with us”). The LXX and Peshitta both reflect an alternate Hebrew Vorlage of 3rd person masculine singular עִמוֹ (’imo, “with him”). The BHS editors suggest emending the MT in favor of the Greek and Syriac. The internal evidence of 12:4-5 favors the 3rd person masculine singular reading. It is likely that the 1st person common plural ־נוּ reading on עִמָּנוּ arose due to a misunderstanding of the 3rd person masculine singular ־נוּ suffix on יִמְצָאֶנּוּ (yimtsa’ennu, “he found him”; Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix) which was probably misunderstood as the 1st person common plural suffix: “he found us.” Several English versions follow the LXX and Syriac: “there he spoke with him” (RSV, NAB, NEB, NIV, NJPS, TEV). Others follow the MT: “there he spoke with us” (KJV, NASB, CEV). The Hebrew University Old Testament Project, which tends to preserve the MT whenever possible, adopts the MT reading but gives it only a “C” rating. See D. Barthélemy, ed., Preliminary and Interim Report on the Hebrew Old Testament Text Project, 5:262-63.

[12:5]  ⁴² tn Heb “[is] his memorial name” (so ASV); TEV “the name by which he is to be worshipped.”

[13:2]  ⁴³ sn This is a vague allusion to people described in scripture and extra-biblical literature and may include Abraham and Sarah (Gen 18:2-15), Lot (Gen 19:1-14), Gideon (Judg 6:11-18), Manoah (Judg 13:3-22), and possibly Tobit (Tob 12:1-20).